Discussion Board 8 Decision Model As A Cognitive Template - 275 Words

Discussion Board 8: The Decision Model As A Cognitive Template (Coursework Sample) Content: DISCUSSION BOARD 8Students nameInstitution AffiliationIntroductionThe decision model is a cognitive template meant to realize, organize and manage the logic behind any decisions affecting business. Therefore, this warrants a manager to come up with a well informed and educated decision regarding a business operation. The sole purpose of any business is maximizing output and minimizing its inputs. As a result, managers struggle with the decision on how to increase earnings while keeping costs to a minimum. Therefore, it's important that these alternatives stay in check. It is right that managers should select the option that increases earnings or reduces the cost for the reasons discussed below.Reduced cost of productionThe production cost consists of two elements, fixed and marginal cost. Fixed costs are those cost of production that are constant, do not vary with production volume and they are uncontrollable. Marginal cost depends on the managers since they tend to v ary with the production volume. The managers can control marginal cost and should be able to know where the volume of production cost is lowest (DRURY, 2013). Therefore the lower the marginal cost, the lower the production cost and thus the higher the net profit since the fixed cost remain constant.Increased operating incomeOperating income (earnings) = total revenue - production cost. Therefore total revenue must be increased to increase operating income. As sales increase, there is an increase in the cost of production increases too. Therefore the managers should increase production, but they should choose the right capacity that optimizes on production cost (Enqvist, 2014).ConclusionBusinesses are meant to fill a gap in the economy by m...

Gender Differences In Autism Spectrum Disorder - 980 Words

HW: Meta-Analysis- Investigating the genetic and prognostic Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Introduction: While Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) has been researched extensively, the role of gender in this disease is still poorly understood. With a 4:1 gender distribution in the diagnosis of ASD, many research studies have attempted to explain this difference (Fombonne,2009). Current research has theorized about various different etiologies for this gender discrepancy, such as a female protective effect (Jacquemont et al., 2014). The female protective effect suggests that females must demonstrate higher levels of genetic risk factors in order to reach clinically impaired functional status and therefore be diagnosed (Chawarska,†¦show more content†¦Females with ASD are significantly more vulnerable than their male counterparts to â€Å"delayed or missed diagnosis†, leaving them untreated and at significant risk for adverse psychosocial and medical outcomes (Lai, 2015). Second, understanding the etiology of the gender discrepancies in presentation of ASD will deepen our understanding of the disease from a nosological perspective and possibly lead to new and novel hypotheses about the conceptualization and treatment avenues of ASD. Specific Aims: To examine existing literature for genotypic and phenotypic differences between males and females diagnosed with ASD. While prior meta-analyses have examined the differences between males and females with ASD in the â€Å"core triad of impairments†, none have examined genetic variations as well as symptomatology (Van Wjingaarden-Cremers et al. 2014). As our nosological framework is limited in our understanding of gender’s effect on autism, examining both phenotypic and genotypic data such as neuroimaging (brain MRIs), and genetic analyses, could further our understanding. On examination of brain MRI, genetic mutation burden, and symptomatic impairments validated using various outc ome measures such as the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence - Second Edition, Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition and the Child Behavior Checklist, females withShow MoreRelatedIs Autism A Developmental Disorder? Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesExploring Autism in Children Rutgers University Atypical Adolescence and Development Professor. Stevie McKenna November 2nd, 2016 Autism Abstract Autism is a developmental disorder in which an individual has problems with communication and interaction. Autism Spectrum Disorder was adopted as a categorization in 2013 and begins in childhood and follows throughout the course of a child’s life and is actually a collection of developmental brain disorders. There isRead MoreAutism And Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesthose who are influenced by that singular perspective. 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Before the publishing and release of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), Autism Spectrum disorder could be diagnosedRead MoreQuantitative Of Brief Quantitative Measures Of Play For Screening For Autism Spectrum Disorders1677 Words   |  7 PagesCunningham, M., Levenson, S., Wajsblat, L. (2010). Efficacy of brief quantitative measures of play for screening for autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(3), 325-333. doi: 10.1007/s/10803-009-0880-7 Purpose and General Rationale The purpose behind the article â€Å"Efficacy of Brief Quantitative Measures of Play for Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders† by Rodman et al. (2010) was to use the measures from a study done by Yoder and Stone in 2006 and another study byRead MoreCross-Sequential Study Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorders1399 Words   |  6 Pages Methods Research Design This study was a cross-sequential study that used a between-subjects design. The independent variable in this study was defined as the possession of an older sibling who is either diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder or typically-developing. The dependent variable measured was the expressive and receptive language scores of each child. Participants A total of 30 participants were recruited in the fall of 2017, ranging from 14 months to 10 years of age. Approximately 60Read MoreVaccinations : A Science s Greatest Feats1400 Words   |  6 PagesA common argument that comes up during discussions of the current decline in immunization is that vaccination increases the risk of a child getting Autism. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Autism are generic terms for â€Å"a group of complex disorders of brain development† (Autism Speaks), it covers conditions such as Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Asperger’s Syndrome (Healthy Canadian). Current epidemiological data estimates that the global prevalence of ASD’s to be in one in 160, and accounts

Whole Foods Market in 2008 Vision, Core Values, and Strategy

Case question 1: What are the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? Whole Food’s chief elements of the strategy are to establish the company as a market leader of natural and organic super markets by differentiating its offering with highest quality naturally preserved food to the world market and become an international brand in every community. However the company is also determined to establish unique value chain activity by recruiting specialized and knowledgeable workforce to up keep company’s growth and profit margin. The strategy also focuses on sustainable agriculture and serves the community members. In a simple word, company’s chief elements are Whole foods, Whole People, and Whole Planet†¦show more content†¦Why or why not? Whole foods market has established a number of core values that reflects organizational needs and fit with different cultural background and circumstance. Here I am scrutinizing each and every value. The first value is selling the highest quality natural and organic product available, which is true. Whole Foods is world’s largest seller of organic produce. They maintain highest quality product and guaranteed 100 percent satisfaction on all the items. They carefully evaluate each and every product as well. Their food is completely free from artificial color, preservative, and flavors. Every day the store is innovating new great tasting foods. However they use organically grown foods that are fresh to support customer’s health (C-13). Secondly, Whole Foods team members are dedicated to satisfy their customers by offering friendly attitude and high quality products. Store personnel are chatty and helpful with shoppers and knowledgeable enough to answer all product related questions. Company personnel always encourage customers to consume natural and organic food throughout the public relation campaign. (C-15). Whole Foods likes to do retail experiment and co ntinuously innovate and raise retail standers. They customize their store design to best fit with particular product mix. In some super store, they make village style layout including mini restaurant, raw foodShow MoreRelatedWhole Foods Market in 2008: Vision, Core Values, and Strategy2599 Words   |  11 PagesSTUDY ANALYSIS FOR WHOLE FOODS MARKET Case Study Analysis for Whole Foods Market Abstract This paper is an analysis of Whole Foods Market’s vision, core values, and business strategy. It lays out the type of strategy that Whole Foods Market utilizes, what parts of this strategy work and what parts could use improvement. This case study analysis concludes that Whole Foods Market has a very good business strategy, has a strong, clear vision, and lives by its core values. With only a few minorRead MoreWhole Food Market in 2008:Vision, Core Values and Strategy1945 Words   |  8 Pages Question No. 1 What are the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? Use Strategy Diamond to explain this part. ARENAS: †¢ Product: The company has a broad range of products including Natural and organic items like beverages, snacks, frozen items, Meat and poultry, Dairy Products, Fresh Sea food, baked products, coffees, cheese and different supplements,  etc †¢ Market Segment: Health Conscious People of many ages and ethnic group Technology: BiodieselRead MoreWhole Foods1021 Words   |  5 PagesWhole Foods Market in 2010 Core Values and Strategy Wilmington University Name: Whitney Newman Date 1/13/13 Overview: Provide a brief overview of the company. Include such details as its history, present day situation, and any other pertinent information you think is helpful in understanding the company (points 5) * Whole Foods Market was founded in 1980 working with natural and healthy foods in Austin, Texas; it’s one of the world’s largest of natural and organic foods supermarkets. In 2009Read MoreWhole Foods1021 Words   |  5 PagesWhole Foods Market in 2010 Core Values and Strategy Wilmington University Name: Whitney Newman Date 1/13/13 Overview: Provide a brief overview of the company. Include such details as its history, present day situation, and any other pertinent information you think is helpful in understanding the company (points 5) * Whole Foods Market was founded in 1980 working with natural and healthy foods in Austin, Texas; it’s one of the world’s largest of natural and organic foods supermarkets. InRead MoreEssay on Case Study-Whole Foods1284 Words   |  6 Pages1. Whole Foods creates a narrow market niche by catering to the special needs and tastes of the consumer, thus, creating a differentiation-based advantage over competitors. By taking actions to acquire Wild Oats, Whole Foods has gained the competitive edge in the marketplace. 2. Recent developments and conditions in the natural and organic food industry can put a strain on the vision and strategy that John Mackey first set out to accomplish. However, part of a good business strategy is toRead MoreMission Statement : Our Mission And Vision1008 Words   |  5 Pages Whole Foods, like many other organizations, has a motto that guides their day-to-day business. Their motto is, â€Å"Whole Foods, Whole People, Whole Planet† (Our Mission and Vision, n.d.). This motto emphasizes that they are not just focused on food retail. Their mission goes beyond that; they are concerned for the well-being of their customers and employees, and even the planet as a whole. 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Founder John Mackey strongly believed in Whole Foods’ mission to be very selective about store inventory, sticking to the company’s core values and ensuring that customers had an enjoyable and interactive shopping experience, while keeping with planned strategies that have set them apart from their competitors. Store Development andRead MoreWhole Foods Market Case Essay1917 Words   |  8 PagesCase Study: Whole Foods Market 2006: Mission, Core Values and Strategy 1. What are the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? Founder John Mackey strongly believed in Whole Foods’ mission to be very selective about store inventory, sticking to the company’s core values and ensuring that customers had an enjoyable and interactive shopping experience, while keeping with planned strategies that have set them apart from their competitors. Store Development andRead MoreAFP Versus Jollibee Food Corporation1605 Words   |  7 Pagesthe best, plan for the worst. Strategic planning, simply defined, is a systematic process of envisioning a desired future, and translating this vision into broadly defined goals or objectives and a sequence of steps to achieve them.XX It is the organization†s method of defining its strategy or direction, and allocating its resources to pursue this strategy. â€Å" The AFP Strategic Planning System is the primary means by which the Chief of Staff, AFP carries out the strategic planning and related functions

Significance of Cultural Intelligence

Question: Discuss about the Significance of Cultural Intelligence. Answer: Overview Intelligence is defined to be that construct of which researchers use to explore misunderstandings between individuals because of cultural differences. Over the years tried socio-scientists as John Berry and Robert Sternberg amongst others have tried to properly elaborate the school of thought behind Intelligence. However, they have been able to point out the main approaches through which the idea can be studied. The approaches include social or cultural intelligence, emotional intelligence, artistic intelligence amongst other approaches have been very vital in understanding the whole idea of interactions between people from different cultural backgrounds. In our case, cultural intelligence can be used to show the ability of an individual to adapt into a new cultural environment where the behaviors and interpretations are so much different from what the individual knows. A person with such an attribute is said to be culturally intelligent. On the other hand, emotional intelligence is the ability to assess behaviors of other people and one self so as to distinguish between different emotions and either deem them worthy or not. The idea behind emotional Intelligence incorporates the whole idea of personality of an individual as the main reference point. It isolates the society from a person in question to understand his or her way of interacting with other people. However, we should note that it is the influence of the general society that will influence the behavior of an individual. Therefore, the school of thought behind emotional intelligence is very important for an individual developing cultural intelligence. Simply because the person studying can understand as to why an individual will have particular reactions when a certain aspect is done. Hence making him or her have, an upper hand in knowing why some certain aspects are done within his own are not accepted within the new environment. Therefore, for the said re ason, making the process of his or her acquisition of cultural intelligence easier. Introduction It is with such idea in mind that the paper tries to shade more light on the idea and adequately compare it to other approaches of emotional intelligence. In particularly, the paper will discuss the in-depth analysis of how the cultural can be improved within a working place and how it is important to our day to day interactions within the hallways and offices of our working spaces. Moreover, the paper is also showing how the aspect of emotional intelligence has an impact to a person studying the concept of cultural intelligence and the instances that the two approaches can work hand in hand with one another. Cultural Intelligence and How it is Applied In environments such as school or the office, there are often people who come from different cultural backgrounds. This means that they may speak a totally different language from what the majority population speaks. Cultural intelligence induces the ability to work effectively in areas with people from different cultures (Ang, S. and Van Dyne, L. 2015). However, cultural intelligence is not a skill that one is born with it is a mental construct that an individual can acquire by simply learning about the different cultures of people they are likely to interact with (Charmey, L. and Martin, J. 2013). How Individuals can Improve on their Cultural Intelligence Individuals can improve their cultural intelligence by simply learning about the different ethnicities that exist, through personal interactions with the communities practicing the cultures or by reading documented facts about the same. Such interactions with the communities can be enhanced better when you actually learn it in its original place of origin, since; an individual might not give you the exact picture about the practices that happen. An important aspect of culture that the approach looks at is language other than the social restrictions acquired in a peoples beliefs. The most important aspect of learning the cultural intelligence is that one has to appreciate the culture at hand to understand it better. Other aspects as ethnocentrism that can be developed by an individual are as a result of lack of appreciation of cultures that are not your own hence the feeling that your culture is more superior while others are backward in nature. Emotional intelligence involves recognizing that each has emotions that should be respected and considered. It involves being aware of self and others (Crowne, K. 2013). Therefore, emotional intelligence enables a person to manage himself and his relationship with others properly. When interacting with people, emotions will be involved at one point or another. The reactions in individuals can be either positive or negative simply depending on a persons socialization. Some individuals are naturally warm people and interacting with them gives one a sense of comfort. Moreover, people would love to be in their company. Other people have nothing positive to say and staying around them will belittle the person and largely create a bad mood. Understanding the emotions of others is important for there to be successful interaction. Again, Erez, M. et al are of the opinion that an individual who consider other peoples feelings is a good listener. S/he can listen to the needs of others and not only focus on himself. As such, a leader who can relate to people in this manner is likely to be respected, (Keung, E. and Rockinson-Szapkiw, A. 2013, 836-854). Significance of Cultural Intelligence The cultural intelligence idea helps promote proper communication between individuals in a workplace. While communicating, it is possible to say one thing and appear to be saying something different because of body language. Each needs to be aware of the posture and facial expressions and how they can be interpreted by others. Humans often communicate subconsciously or consciously. For this reason, it is important for one to send the exact intended message. Once one is aware of his emotions, the person can focus on positively directing his behavior (Li, M. er al., 2014, 32-50). One way of doing this is ensuring that what is communicated verbally is in sync with the body language. Subsequently, emotional intelligence is helpful in the workplace where there are numerous employees from different places: as it serves as a tool for self-evaluation regarding social interaction (Erez, M. et al., 2013). Notably, through the skill, people can develop other skills such as teamwork and communic ation; where working with different personalities is difficult but tolerance is easily developed in such situations. Additionally, social skills necessary for proper customer service can also be gained. Further, all these skills will enable employees to work effectively and within a good timeframe to realize an institution's set goals. The benefits of cultural intelligence in a business environment cannot go unnoticed since an individual with the knowledge can pass it on to others to bridge the knowledge gap that was in the organization. Through the socialization process, interpersonal relationships can be developed between multicultural groups. Having cultural intelligence helps get rid of the bias one may have towards a certain community hence reducing cases of ethnocentrism (Lucke, G. et al., 2014, 169-190). For instance, it may be assumed that certain individuals have a hot temper and working with them is considered tricky. Such an ideology should not be held against anyone especially if one person is to be blamed for that. Developing a level of cultural intelligence will need some bit of training. In other cases, the experience will serve as the best teacher. An individual who takes an interest in the cultures of others is more likely to learn about them. In addition, an employee can choose to observe them and ask questions where necessary. Some individuals are known to have traveled to different countries either for holiday or business reasons. If such people only keep to themselves and do not bother interacting with others, the trip will not be worthwhile. In most cases, one has to get out of his comfort zone to relat e with others. For instance, a less talkative person will be required to start a conversation with a stranger and keeps it going to get relevant information. An individual who only sticks to a particular group of friends may have to leave them for some time and interact with different people. Most of the time, the way people react is according to how they were brought up. Certain ideologies were taught from a young age, and for that reason, they are engraved in mind. It is necessary to look into how culture and background affect relationships with those from multicultural backgrounds. While learning about other cultures, one should keep an open mind. Failure to this one will not learn much as the interested party may develop biases towards certain people hence being ethnocentric. The fact that people do things differently does not mean that they are wrong. Each person should make an effort to find out why a community does things in a particular way and not in the common way, everyone is used to seeing. Those who want to develop cultural intelligence must first be motivated. As such, they need to be curious about what is going on in the ot her team and integrate it into their current system. Having an understanding of different cultures bears its advantages. These advantages should be enough to drive one team to learn about another with different cultures. Later on, a strategy to understand this different information should be developed. After learning this new information, learning to adapt is another skill that will need to be mastered (Matsumoto, D. and Juang, L. 2016). Training can be held in offices by employees who want their staff to do better. For this to happen a certain time in the day needs to be set aside for workers to learn. During this time, they will be relieved of their duties and engage in an interactive session geared towards boosting their interpersonal skills. Workshops can also be organized by professionals who can handle the topic. During the seminars, individuals can receive tips on how to develop cultural intelligence. Moreover, employees learn the different ways in which it is related to emotional intelligence. In such workshops, there is often a time for question sessions where attendees can have their queries aired and addressed (Siegling, A. et al., 2014, 65-68). Holding dialogs or conversations with a diverse group of people is rendered beneficial as it serves as a tool for socialization and enculturation. Nonetheless, the topic of discussion can be the different ways individuals can grasp these skills. Cultural intelligence promotes innovation or creativity within a work place. Cultural intelligence can be applied in schools, offices and any place where there is human interaction. In an office set up, a multicultural group is more advantageous than a homogenous group when it comes to performance. The ideas of the latter group cannot match those of people from different regions of the world. In situations that require creativity and innovation, the group with diverse members will do well. The same conclusion can also be derived when studying students in a certain school. Individuals from the same area are likely to come up with common ideas during group assignments that are familiar to them. Those from different regions may have surprises up their sleeves and obviously do better than the earlier team. Having conflicts between people is normal. Solving them becomes tricky when the people in conflict do not know how to relate to each other due to differences in culture. Cultural intelligence reduces misunderstanding within a work place. In case there was a language barrier, and a misunderstanding was developed, a person who properly understands the language can come in and explain what each team meant by what they said. At the end of it all, learning the foreign language may be a necessity to prevent such disagreements from happening again. When an attempt is made to understand a different culture, cohesiveness will develop among people. Each person will strive to do their best knowing that every other person wants the best for them. In times of conflict, there should be no bias against any team. In the long run, individuals develop respect towards each other. This is helpful in stressful situations whereby finding a solution is not easy. In areas where cultural intelligence is developed, there will be an increase in productive relationships. This is because people understand the needs of others. Therefore, it is important to develop cultural intelligence within a workplace since it has more of benefits into the company. It will not be a waste of a companys resources in terms of time and expenses but will add more gains into the outcome. Since it motivates unity in workplace other than other aspects of innovativeness and proper communication that makes the business have a very motivating environment to work. Bibliography Ang, S. and Van Dyne, L., 2015. Handbook of cultural intelligence. Routledge. Cabeza de Baca, T. and Figueredo, A.J., 2014. The cognitive ecology of Mexico: climatic and socio-cultural effects on life history strategies and cognitive abilities. Intelligence-Norwood-Mutidisciplinary Journal, 47(1), pp.63-71. Chaney, L. and Martin, J., 2013. Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed. Crowne, K.A., 2013. Cultural exposure, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence: An exploratory study. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 13(1), pp.5-22. Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R. and Shokef, E., 2013. Going global: Developing management students' cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams. Academy of Management Learning Education, 12(3), pp.330-355. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A., 2013. Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Keung, E. and J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, A., 2013. The relationship between transformational leadership and cultural intelligence: A study of international school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(6), pp.836-854. Li, M., Mobley, W.H. and Kelly, A., 2013. When do global leaders learn best to develop cultural intelligence? An investigation of the moderating role of experiential learning style. Academy of Management Learning Education, 12(1), pp.32-50. Lcke, G., Kostova, T. and Roth, K., 2014. Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective: Patterns and implications. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(2), pp.169-190. Matsumoto, D. and Juang, L., 2016. Culture and psychology. Nelson Education. McKay, I., 2014. Quest of the Folk: Antimodernism and Cultural Selection in Twentieth-Century Nova Scotia (No. 212). McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP. Siegling, A.B., Nielsen, C. and Petrides, K.V., 2014. Trait emotional intelligence and leadership in a European multinational company. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, pp.65-68. Ting?Toomey, S., 2015. Identity negotiation theory. The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. Van Dyne, L. and Ang, S., 2016. Cultural intelligence. Group and Organization Management, 31, pp.20-26.